Mental illness is the leading cause of disability globally and has gained increasing recognition as a matter of global health significance - including in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Despite this high-level focus over nearly half a century, mental health services are still largely overlooked by primary health care in many low-income countries. This Reference Note has been developed to support the operationalisation of the Mental Health Bill in Kaduna State, setting out relevant best practice from a gender, disability and social inclusion perspective. This report was jointly delivered by members of the Social Development Direct (SDDirect) and Preston Associates for International Development in collaboration with PACE (Partnership for Agile Governance and Climate Engagement) and FCDO.